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Arawakan family: Maritime group (2 lists) : Search within this database Show all notes
new100\ara\mar
Number: 1
Word: all
Lokono :haɽã-ŋ {harhan} 1 Patte 2011: 90; Pet 2011: 63; Patte 2008: 185. Polysemy: 'all / everything / everyone / to be finished'. Cf. halikã-ŋ-ɾõ-ŋ ~ halika-i-ɾõ-ŋ {halikanron ~ halikanron} 'every / each / any' [Patte 2011: 88], sa-kʰãŋ ~ sa-kʰan-ĩŋ {sakhan ~ sakhanin} 'all / everyone / completely' [Patte 2011: 190], haɽã-ŋ-ɾõ-ŋ {halhanron} 'all sorts of' [Pet 2011: 121, 130]. In Guyanese Lokono haɾa- {hara-} 'last / used' [Patte 2011: 90] is attested, but the Swadesh meaning seems to be expressed by oma-koa {omakoa} [Patte 2011: 176], cf. loyo omǝ̃ŋ lakaːka tʰ=oma-koa lokorokotʰo {loyo omun lakâka thomakoa lokorokotho} 'he told his mother all his thoughts'. In all other sources oma-koa {omakoa} rather means 'together' and can be combined with haɽa- {harha}.
Anu :hɨɺɨkˈo {jürükó} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 78 (hɨɺˈɨko {jürüko}); Patte 1978.
Number: 2
Word: ashes
Lokono :bališi {balishi} 1 Patte 2011: 54; Pet 2011: 124; Patte 2008: 172. Possessed: =bališi-ya {=balishiya}. In Guyanese Lokono bǝlese {bulese} 'dust / grain / ashes' is also found [Patte 2011: 65].
Anu :mˈou̯šiɺei̯ŋ {moushirein} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 90. Polysemy: 'ashes / dust'.
Number: 2
Word: ashes
Lokono :
Anu :paɺˈiː {parii} -1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 96. Probably borrowed from Wayuunaiki.
Number: 3
Word: bark
Lokono :ǝ=da ~ ada=ǝ=da ~ ada=da {uda ~ adauda ~ adada} 1 Patte 2011: 40, 218; Pet 2011: 165; Patte 2008: 172. Polysemy: 'skin / bark' (only ǝda {uda}). Cf. eːloko {êloko} 'inner part of the bark' [Patte 2011: 79].
Anu :kunˈun=tɨnɨ {kununtünü} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 86. Literally 'tree-bark'.
Number: 4
Word: belly
Lokono :ǝ=te / =te {ute / =te} 1 Patte 2011: 207, 220; Pet 2011: 161; Patte 2008: 104. Generic: te-hǝ {tehu}. The word for 'large intestine / stomach' (te-ɸiɾo ~ ǝ=te-ɸiɾo {tefiro ~ utefiro}), for 'intestines' (te-ibiɾa ~ ǝ=te-ibiɾa {teibira ~ uteibira}) and for 'stomach' (te-loko {teloko}) are derived from this root. While it is possible that this lexeme can refer only to the inner part of the belly, the evidence is far from conclusive to exclude this word from the list. Distinct from koboɾoko {koboroko} 'entrails / middle / in the middle' [Patte 2011: 129].
Anu :a=yˈuɺe {ayure} 3 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 65; Patte 1978; Jahn 1914: 274 ({ta-yǘ(h) }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 236 ({ta-yü, ta-yú; wa-yú }). Distinct from e=i̯kˈoɺeː {eikoree} 'intestines / stomach / courage' [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 68]. Cf. a=ɺˈeː {aree} 'belly (inner)' [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 55], probably borrowwed from Wayuunaiki.
Number: 4
Word: belly
Lokono :=dʸibeyo {=dibeyo} 2 Patte 2011: 71. Generic: dʸibeyo-ho {dibeyoho}. Polysemy: 'belly / paunch / stomach / lower part of a mammal's body / protuberance'.
Anu :
Number: 5
Word: big
Lokono :ɸiɾõ-ŋ {firon} 1 Patte 2011: 83; Pet 2011: 133; Patte 2008: 67, 82. In [Pet 2011: 136], another word is also found: ilõ-ŋ {ilon} 'large / big', but it is glossed as 'small (of people)' in [Patte 2011: 103]. Distinct from kaɾaya-kʰona {karayakhona} 'protruding' [Patte 2011: 116].
Anu :you̯ {you} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 108; Jahn 1914: 280 ({yóughe }).
Number: 6
Word: bird
Lokono :kudʸibio {kodibio} 1 Patte 2011: 130; Pet 2011: 146; Patte 2008: 38. Possessed: =kudʸibiõ-ŋ {=kodibion}. Dialectal variants: kɨdʸibio {kudibio}, kudʸibiǝ {kodibiu}.
Anu :wɨčˈiː {wüchii} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 107.
Number: 7
Word: bite
Lokono :ɾǝdǝ̃-ŋ {rudun} 1 Patte 2011: 147, 187; Pet 2011: 157; Patte 2008: 187. Distinct from tʰǝdǝ̃-ŋ {thudun} 'to sting / to bite' [Patte 2008: 193], sakodõ-ŋ ~ sakosõ-ŋ {sakodon ~ sakoson} 'to gnaw' [Patte 2011: 192]; tokõ-ŋ {tokon} 'to peck / to sting / to bite (of birds, snakes, fish) / to eat gruel or fruit / to smoke tobacco'. Cf. ɾǝd-ã-ŋ {rudan} 'to chew'. Dialectal variant (Guyana): aɾǝdǝ̃-ŋ {arudun}.
Anu :a=hˈoɺut-a {ajoruta} -1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 46. Probably borrowed from Wayuunaiki.
Number: 8
Word: black
Lokono :kʰaɾemẽ-ŋ {kharemen} 1 Patte 2011: 144; Pet 2011: 143. Polysemy: 'black / dark'.
Anu :maɺˈeko {mareko} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 88. Cf. the Spanish borrowing {mégoro } [Jahn 1974: 280] (< Spanish nˈeɰɾ-o {negro}).
Number: 9
Word: blood
Lokono :ǝ=tʰǝ / =tʰǝna {uthu / =thuna} 1 Patte 2011: 217, 220; Pet 2011: 166. Generic: ǝ=tʰǝ-hǝ {uthuhu}.
Anu :ˈa=ːwa {aawa} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 42.
Number: 10
Word: bone
Lokono :=bǝna {=buna} 1 Patte 2011: 65; Patte 2008: 172. Generic: bǝna-hǝ {bunahu}.
Anu :ˈe=i̯piya {eipiya} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 70. Polysemy: 'spine / backbone / bone / trunk'.
Number: 11
Word: breast
Lokono :=loa-šibo ~ =loa-bana {=loashibo ~ =loabana} 1 Patte 2011: 150; Pet 2011: 149, 242, 220. Literally 'heart-front' and 'heart-leaf' respectively (the former is attested in reference to a tapir, the latter is found in reference to a human). Derived from the root ǝ=loa / =loa {uloa / loa} (generic loa-hǝ {loahu}) 'chest / heart (metaphoric) / courage / determination'. Distinct from o=dʸo / =dʸo {odio / =dio} (generic: dʸo-hǝ {diohu}) [Patte 2011: 72; Pet 2011: 130], which apparently refers to female breast.
Anu :a=čˈɨɺa {achüra} # 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 44. Distinct from ˈe=i̯nčiɺa {einchira} 'breast / nipple' [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 68]. Glossed as 'female breast' in [Jahn 1914: 274 ({ta-yíri })].
Number: 11
Word: breast
Lokono :
Anu :ˈe=ːtti {eetti} # 3 Patte 1981; Jahn 1914: 274 ({tai-éntin }). Glossed as 'breast / nipple' in [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 67].
Number: 12
Word: burn
Lokono :bitʸĩ-ŋ {bitin} 1 Patte 2011: 61; Pet 2011: 126; Patte 2008: 88. Intransitive: bit-on-oã-ŋ {bitonoan}, bit-oã-ŋ {bitoan}. Distinct from kaleme-tʸĩ-ŋ {kalemetin} 'to set on fire' [Patte 2011: 112; Patte 2008: 186].
Anu :Not attested. Cf. hat-ˈa {jata} 'to burn (intransitive, stative)', a=mˈoɺa-ː {amoraa} 'to get a burn (intransitive, active)' [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 48, 75].
Number: 13
Word: claw (nail)
Lokono :=bada {=bada} 1 Patte 2011: 53; Pet 2011: 123. Generic: bada-ha ~ bada-hǝ {badaha ~ badahu}.
Anu :ˈa=u̯ɲe {auñe} -1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 96. Possibly borrowed from Spanish (< ˈuɲa {uña}).
Number: 13
Word: claw (nail)
Lokono :
Anu :hˈiːčɨ-...-ːpɨ {jiichü-...apü} # 2 Jahn 1914: 274 ({hiyi-táp }).
Number: 14
Word: cloud
Lokono :oɽaɽo ~ hoɽaɽo {orharho ~ horharho} 1 Patte 2011: 178; Pet 2011: 155. Polysemy: 'darkness / cloud / mist / fog'. Cf. uni {oni} 'rain / water', attested in the meaning 'raincloud' [Pet 2011: 144]. Distinct from baǝka {bauka} 'cloudy' [Patte 2011: 57]. Apparently preferred in this meaning over uɽika {orhika} 'evening / night / darkness / cloud' [Patte 2011: 179; Patte 2008: 183].
Anu :hɨɺˈɨma {jürüma} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 78. Cf. the Spanish borrowing {núblah } [Jahn 1914: 276] (< Spanish nˈuβe {nube}) and {ho_wdega } [Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 237], glossed as 'wind' elsewhere.
Number: 15
Word: cold
Lokono :mimĩ-ŋ {mimin} 1 Patte 2011: 165; Pet 2011: 152. Distinct from tʰonoli-šã-ŋ {thonolishan} 'to have a cold' [Patte 2011: 216; Pet 2011: 163].
Anu :hamˈiɺ-a {jamira} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 74.
Number: 16
Word: come
Lokono :ãndǝ̃-ŋ {andun} 1 Patte 2011: 45; Pet 2011: 123; Patte 2008: 72.
Anu :ˈe=i̯nt-a {einta} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 69; Patte 1978; Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 236 ({eydi-via }). Polysemy: 'to come / to arrive'.
Number: 17
Word: die
Lokono :oːdõ-ŋ {ôdon} 1 Patte 2011: 42, 174; Pet 2011: 154; Patte 2008: 187. Dialectal variant: ahodõ-ŋ {ahodon} (Guyana). More basic than oːmado-noã-ŋ {ômadonoan} 'to decease' [Patte 2011: 175].
Anu :ˈo=u̯t-a ~ ˈo=ɨ̯kt-a {outa ~ oükta} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 94; Patte 1978. Cf. {o͜ú-dagga } 'dead' [Jahn 1914: 276].
Number: 18
Word: dog
Lokono :peːɾo {pêro} -1 Patte 2011: 182; Pet 2011: 156; Patte 2008: 38. Possessed: peːɾõ-ŋ {pêron}. Borrowed from Spanish pˈero {perro}.
Anu :yeɺˈɨ {yerü} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 108; Jahn 1914: 277 ({iéri }).
Number: 18
Word: dog
Lokono :k=aɾi-ɾo {kariro} 1 Patte 2011: 117; Pet 2011: 141. Polysemy: 'dog / anjoemara fish (Hoplias aimara )'. Literally 'the one with teeth'.
Anu :
Number: 19
Word: drink
Lokono :tʰǝ̃-ŋ ~ ǝ=tʰǝ̃-ŋ {thun ~ uthun} 1 Patte 2011: 49, 217, 220; Pet 2011: 163; Patte 2008: 142, 186. Dialectal variant: a=tʰǝ̃-ŋ {athun} (Guyana).
Anu :a=nˈoːt-a {anoota} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 51; Patte 1978; Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 236 ({himutéwi } 'I will drink'). Cf. a=ɺˈat-a {arata}, glossed as 'to drink / to absorb' in [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 115], but as 'to happen' in [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 55].
Number: 20
Word: dry
Lokono :wãː-ŋ {wân} 1 Patte 2011: 223; Pet 2011: 164; Patte 2008: 88. Distinct from ma=dʸise {madise} 'arid / infertile' [Patte 2011: 154]; sakã-ŋ {sakan} 'dry (of plants) / dissicated' [Patte 2011: 191], cf. =saka-da-n-iya {=sakadaniya} 'dry firewood' [Pet 2011: 126].
Anu :hˈatt-a {jatta} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 75; Jahn 1914: 280 ({hára duh }).
Number: 21
Word: ear
Lokono :=dʸikʸe {=dike} 1 Patte 2011: 71; Pet 2011: 130; Patte 2008: 172. Generic: dʸikʸe-he {dikehe}. Distinct from koyoko {koyoko} 'inner ear' [Patte 2011: 139].
Anu :a=čˈöː {achee} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 16, 43; Patte 1978; Jahn 1914: 274 ({ta-tschö }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 237 ({pa-eče, pe-yče, ta-čö }). Polysemy: 'ear / handle (of a vessel)'.
Number: 22
Word: earth
Lokono :hoɽoɽo ~ oɽoɽo {horhorho ~ orhorho} 1 Patte 2011: 98, 179; Pet 2011: 135; Patte 2008: 40, 82. Possessed: =oɽoɽa {=orhorha}. Polysemy: 'ground / earth / world / hill / mountain / property'. Distinct from onabo {onabo} 'ground / base / terrain' [Patte 2011: 176].
Anu :m̩mˈo {mmo} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 90; Patte 1978; Jahn 1914: 275 ({mógho }).
Number: 23
Word: eat
Lokono :kĩ=ŋ / kʸeː- {kin / kê-} 1 Patte 2011: 79, 126; Pet 2011: 144; Patte 2008: 172, 193. More specifically, 'to eat a light meal'. Dialectal variant: e=kʸẽ-ŋ {eken} (Guyana).
Anu :a=k-ˈa {aka} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 46; Patte 1978; Jahn 1914: 281 ({aghí-dité }). Cf. a=kˈɨpa-ː {aküpaa} 'to eat (intransitive)' [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 47].
Number: 23
Word: eat
Lokono :kʰotõ-ŋ {khoton} 2 Patte 2011: 147; Pet 2011: 145; Patte 2008: 187, 193. Refers to meat or a whole meal.
Anu :
Number: 24
Word: egg
Lokono :ǝ=sa / =sa {usa / =sa} 1 Patte 2011: 220; Pet 2011: 165, 166. Polysemy: 'child / offspring / egg / embryo'.
Anu :ˈa=ɨ̯kɨ {aükü} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 61; Patte 1981.
Number: 25
Word: eye
Lokono :=ku-ši ~ =ko {=koshi ~ =ko} 1 Patte 2011: 128, 137; Pet 2011: 147; Patte 2008: 172. Generic: kuši-hi {koshihi}.
Anu :o=u̯ {ou} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 93; Patte 1978; Patte 1981; Jahn 1914: 274 ({tóu }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 237 ({to_w, t-oú, u-ou, u-o }). Polysemy: 'eye / hole'.
Number: 26
Word: fat n.
Lokono :=kihi ~ =kî {=kihi ~ =kî} 1 Patte 2011: 102, 126; Pet 2011: 143. Generic: ki-hi {kihi} (dialectal variant: i=ki-hi {ikihi} (Guyana)). Polysemy: 'fat / oil'. Distinct from ǝ=kʰǝ / =kʰǝ {ukhu / =khu} 'thick liquid / sperm / pus' [Patte 2011: 219]. A synonymous form, kaɾaba ~ kaɽaba {karaba ~ karhaba} 'crabwood tree (Carapa guianensis ) / vegetal fat / animal fat' [Patte 2011: 115], is used in Guyana.
Anu :a=ɺˈɨtɨ {arütü} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 56. Polysemy: 'butter / fatness / grease'.
Number: 26
Word: fat n.
Lokono :
Anu :ˈa=ɨ̯ti {aüti} 3 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 61. Polysemy: 'butter / fatness / fat / grease'.
Number: 27
Word: feather
Lokono :baɽa ~ ǝ=baɽa {barha ~ ubarha} 1 Patte 2011: 56, 130; Pet 2011: 124, 165. Patte 2008: 40. Generic: baɽa-ha ~ ǝ=baɽa-ha {barhaha ~ ubarhaha}. Polysemy: 'hair / feather'. Polysemy: 'hair / feather'. Distinct from baɽaː {barhâ} 'sea / ocean / lake' [Patte 2011: 56; Patte 2008: 107, 181]. Distinct from laǝ {lau} 'tail feather' [Patte 2011: 149].
Anu :a=pˈina {apina} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 52.
Number: 28
Word: fire
Lokono :ikihi ~ ikiː {ikihi ~ ikî} 1 Patte 2011: 102; Pet 2011: 136; Patte 2008: 37. Dialectal variant: hikihi {hikihi} (Guyana).
Anu :šikˈɨ {shikü} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 100; Jahn 1914: 276 ({tschíg-giga(h); híkigȧh, hinghí }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 237 ({čīkü_, čighe, čigiga, horotu-čiku, čig-giga(h) }). Polysemy: 'candle / fire / oven / firewood / fireplace'.
Number: 28
Word: fire
Lokono :=iːme ~ =hime {=îme ~ =hime} 2 Patte 2011: 94, 103; Pet 2011: 134; Patte 2008: 37.
Anu :
Number: 29
Word: fish
Lokono :hime {hime} 1 Patte 2011: 94; Pet 2011: 135; Patte 2008: 67.
Anu :ɨyˈɨ {üyü} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 103; Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 238 ({hüy }).
Number: 30
Word: fly v.
Lokono :moɾodõ-ŋ {morodon} 1 Patte 2011: 167; Pet 2011: 152. Distinct from koɽokod-ã-ŋ {korhokodan} 'to buzz / to fly (of insects)' [Patte 2011: 137]. Dialectal variant: a=moɾodõ-ŋ {amorodon} [Patte 2011: 44].
Anu :a=ɺˈiwa-ː {ariwaa} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 55.
Number: 30
Word: fly v.
Lokono :
Anu :a=wˈat-a {awata} 3 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 63. Polysemy: 'to play / to jump / to fly'.
Number: 31
Word: foot
Lokono :=kutʸi {=koti} 1 Patte 2011: 138; Pet 2011: 147; Patte 2008: 172. Generic: kutʸi-hi {kutihi}.
Anu :ˈa=ːwi {aawi} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 42; Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 237 ({wí }). Polysemy: 'foot / paw'. Cf. {ta-pát } [Jahn 1914: 274].
Number: 32
Word: full
Lokono :hebẽ-ŋ {heben} 1 Patte 2011: 92; Pet 2011: 134; Patte 2008: 80. Attested in contexts dealing with boats. Polysemy: 'full / ripe / old'. Dialectal variant: ibẽ-ŋ {iben} [Patte 2011: 100]. Cf. ka=lokʰodo {kalokhodo} 'to have content' [Patte 2011: 112]. Apparently more basic than hǝɾǝ-ɾẽ-ŋ {hururen} [Patte 2011: 99; Pet 2011: 135, 204] 'fully / full', attested in an example with the meaning 'therefore the bus was full'.
Anu :Not attested. Cf. a=mˈiɺa {amira} 'to be satiated / to swallow', mˈiɺa-ː {miraa} 'to be satiated' [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 48, 90].
Number: 33
Word: give
Lokono :šikĩ-ŋ {shikin} 1 Patte 2011: 197; Pet 2011: 158; Patte 2008: 46, 141, 187. Polysemy: 'to give / to place / to put / to send'. Distinct from bǝkʰǝ-tǝ̃-ŋ {bukhutun} 'to give a present' [Patte 2011: 65] (Guyana).
Anu :ˈa=ːp-a {aapa} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 41.
Number: 33
Word: give
Lokono :
Anu :a=mˈiyaːn-a {amiyaana} 3 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 48.
Number: 33
Word: give
Lokono :
Anu :a=pˈaːt-a {apaata} 4 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 52.
Number: 34
Word: good
Lokono :sã-ŋ ~ sãː-ŋ {san ~ sân} 1 Patte 2011: 104, 190, 220; Pet 2011: 39, 157; Patte 2008: 80. Dialectal variant: ǝ=sã-ŋ, i=sã-ŋ {usan, isan} (Guyana).
Anu :anˈa-ː {anaa} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 49; Patte 1978. Cf. {kamátschi } [Jahn 1914: 280].
Number: 35
Word: green
Lokono :sobolẽ-ŋ {sobolen} 1 Patte 2011: 201; Pet 2011: 159. Ranges from green to yellow. Distinct from imoɽo ~ himoɽo ~ moɽo-moɽo {imorho ~ himorho ~ morhomorho} 'unripe / green / young' [Patte 2011: 104], ma=koɽe {makorhe} 'unripe' [Patte 2011: 156]. Cf. kaɽao ~ kaɽaǝ ~ kaɽoː {karhao ~ karhau ~ karhô} 'grass / grain' [Patte 2011: 118; Pet 2011: 140; Patte 2008: 39], glossed also as 'green' in [Pet 2011: 140].
Anu :wˈɨi̯t-a {wüita} -1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 107. Probably borrowed from Wayuunaiki. Cf. the Spanish borrowing {vérda } [Jahn 1974: 280] (< Spanish bˈeɾðe {verde}). Distinct from yɨː {yüü} 'unripe' [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 108].
Number: 36
Word: hair
Lokono :baɽa ~ ǝ=baɽa {barha ~ ubarha} 1 Patte 2011: 56; Pet 2011: 124, 165; Patte 2008: 40. Generic: baɽa-ha ~ ǝ=baɽa-ha {barhaha ~ ubarhaha}. Polysemy: 'hair / feather'. Distinct from baɽaː {barhâ} 'sea / ocean / lake' [Patte 2011: 56; Patte 2008: 107, 181].
Anu :a=wˈaɺeːya {awareeya} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 62; Jahn 1914: 274 ({ta=wálla }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 236 ({ta-wála }).
Number: 37
Word: hand
Lokono :=kʰabo {=khabo} 1 Patte 2011: 142; Pet 2011: 143; Patte 2008: 46. Generic: kʰabo-ho {khaboho}.
Anu :ˈa=ːpɨ {aapü} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 41; Patte 1978; Patte 1981; Jahn 1914: 274 ({táp }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 237 ({n-ab(w)E, t-áp, t-ap, gu-apa }).
Number: 38
Word: head
Lokono :ɨ=šiː ~ i=šiː / =šiː {ushî ~ ishî / =shî} 1 Patte 2011: 196, 220; Pet 2011: 137, 158; Patte 2008: 172. Generic: išiː-hi {ishîhi}. Polysemy: 'head / leader / boss / captain / top'.
Anu :a=kˈiː ~ a=kˈi {akii ~ aki} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 46; Patte 1978 (=ki {=ki}); Patte 1981 (=ki {=ki}); Jahn 1914: 274 ({tá=ki }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 236, 238 ({tá-ki; wá-ki ; kī; ta-ki; gua-ki }). Polysemy: 'head / mind / top'.
Number: 39
Word: hear
Lokono :kanabǝ̃-ŋ {kanabun} 1 Patte 2011: 114; Patte 2008: 133, 187. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen / to learn / to obey'. Glossed as 'to listen' in [Pet 2011] (according to Pet, the meaning 'to hear' is expressed by the derived verb kanab-ã-ŋ {kanaban} [Pet 2011: 141]. Distinct from ika-dǝ-ɾẽ-ŋ {ikaduren} 'to be able to hear' [Patte 2011: 155; Pet 2011: 136].
Anu :a=nˈaːpaː- {anaapaa} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 49. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen / to understand'.
Number: 39
Word: hear
Lokono :
Anu :ˈaː=p-a {aapa} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 41. Polysemy: 'to hear / to listen'.
Number: 40
Word: heart
Lokono :wašina {washina} 1 Patte 2011: 228; Pet 2011: 164. Generic: wašina-ha {washinaha}. Distinct from ǝ=loa / =loa {uloa / loa} (generic loa-hǝ {loahu}) 'chest / heart (metaphoric) / courage / determination' [Patte 2011: 150; Pet 2011: 149].
Anu :hˈiːčɨ=...=e=i̯ŋ {jiichü ...ein} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 77. Derived from e=i̯ŋ {ein} 'heart / soul / mind', also used as the subject of certain desiderative constructions and other expressions denoting feelings [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 68].
Number: 41
Word: horn
Lokono :ǝ=koa / =koa {ukoa / =koa} 1 Patte 2011: 128. Polysemy: 'horn / crab'.
Anu :kˈaːča {kaacha} -1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 79. Probably borrowed from Spanish kˈačo {cacho}.
Number: 41
Word: horn
Lokono :
Anu :ˈo=u̯wa {ouwa} -1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 95. Probably borrowed from Wayuunaiki.
Number: 42
Word: I
Lokono :de-i ~ de {dei ~ de} 1 Patte 2011: 29; Pet 2011: 12. Patte 2008: 45. Free form. Prefix: da- {da-}, enclitic: de {de}. Apparently de {de} occurs as the free form only in Suriname; in French Guiana, dei {dei} is preferred.
Anu :te {te} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 22; Patte 1978; Jahn 1914: 279 ({té }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 236 ({te- }). Prefix: ta- {ta-} (and allomorphs per harmony) [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 20].
Number: 43
Word: kill
Lokono :ɸaɾǝ̃-ŋ {farun} 1 Patte 2011: 81; Pet 2011: 132; Patte 2008: 59. Polysemy: 'to kill / to beat up to death / to cause problems'.
Anu :ˈo=u̯ta-...-e-i̯ŋ {outa ...ein} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 94. Literally 'to die (one's) heart'.
Number: 43
Word: kill
Lokono :
Anu :a=tˈat-a {atata} 3 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 58. Glossed as 'to kill / to assassinate'.
Number: 44
Word: knee
Lokono :koɽo ~ koɾo {korho ~ koro} 1 Anu :ˈo=ːpiye {oopiye} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 93.
Number: 44
Word: knee
Lokono :
Anu :o=yˈotɨɺo {oyotüro} 3 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 95; Jahn 1914: 274 ({tai-otró(h) }). Polysemy: 'knee / elbow'.
Number: 45
Word: know
Lokono :eičĩ-ŋ ~ eːčĩ-ŋ ~ ičĩ-ŋ {eithin ~ êthin ~ ithin} 1 Patte 2011: 42, 79, 80; Pet 2011: 122, 132, 137; Patte 2008: 51, 145, 151. Polysemy: 'to know / to be acquainted / to know how to'. Dialectal variant: aičĩ-ŋ {aithin} (Guyana).
Anu :a=tˈa-ː {ataa} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 57.
Number: 46
Word: leaf
Lokono :=bana ~ ada=bǝna ~ adǝ=bǝna {=bana ~ adabuna ~ adubuna} 1 Patte 2011: 40, 54; Pet 2011: 121, 124, 222; Patte 2008: 172, 181.
Anu :a=pˈana {apana} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 52.
Number: 47
Word: lie
Lokono :tʰoɽodõ-ŋ {thorhodon} 1 Patte 2011: 211; Pet 2011: 162, 163. Means 'to open' when transitive.
Anu :ˈoɨ̯ɺa-ː {oüraa} 3 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 95.
Number: 47
Word: lie
Lokono :bǝɽeː-k-oã-ŋ ~ boɽe-k-oã-ŋ {burhêkoan ~ borhekoan} 2 Patte 2011: 67; Pet 2011: 128, 184, 212, 213, 217.
Anu :
Number: 48
Word: liver
Lokono :=bana {=bana} 1 Patte 2011: 54; Pet 2011: 17, 124; Patte 2008: 172. Generic: bana-ha ~ bana-hǝ {banaha ~ banahu}.
Anu :a=pˈana {apana} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 52; Patte 1981.
Number: 49
Word: long
Lokono :wadʸĩ-ŋ {wadi-n} 1 Patte 2011: 223; Pet 2011: 164; Patte 2008: 52. Distinct from the less basic stems yoɾẽ-ŋ {yoren} 'lengthened / oblong' [Patte 2011: 237], kaɾaya-kʰona {karayakhona} 'protruding' [Patte 2011: 116].
Number: 50
Word: louse
Lokono :ǝ=ye / =ye {uye / =ye} 1 Patte 2011: 221, 235; Patte 2008: 184. Generic: ǝ=ye-hi {uyehi}.
Anu :wapɨyɨ {wapüyü} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 105. Free form.
Number: 50
Word: louse
Lokono :
Anu :=eːkɨ {=eekü} 3 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 67. Possessed.
Number: 51
Word: man
Lokono :wadʸi-li {wadili} 1 Patte 2011: 223; Pet 2011: 14, 163; Patte 2008: 36. Polysemy: 'man / penis'.
Anu :ˈei̯-či {eichi} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 68; Jahn 1914: 275 ({éitsch, éiy(e) }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 237 ({eyče, eyči, eydiga, eydžigey, éič, eči, éiy(e), éičire }). Polysemy: 'man / husband'.
Number: 52
Word: many
Lokono :yohõ-ŋ ~ yõː-ŋ {yohon ~ yôn} 1 Patte 2011: 236; Pet 2011: 138; Patte 2008: 66. Can also be expressed indirectly: aba-ɾo-kʰo {abaro kho} 'not one', mi-kʰo {mi kho} 'not few' [Patte 2011: 236; Patte 2008: 136].
Anu :k=ˈaːya {kaaya} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 79; Patte 1978; Jahn 1914: 279 ({káihe }).
Number: 53
Word: meat
Lokono :kʰot-a {khota} 1 Patte 2011: 147; Pet 2011: 145; Patte 2008: 60. Generic: kʰot-a-ha {khotaha}. Polysemy: 'food / meat / animal'. Apparently a deverbal formation from kʰot-ã-ŋ {khotan} 'to eat a meal (intransitive)', itself from kʰotõ-ŋ {khoton} 'to eat (a meal, transitive)'.
Anu :iɺˈuku ~ iɺˈuka {iruku ~ iruka} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 71, 79, 93.
Number: 53
Word: meat
Lokono :šiɾoko {shiroko} 2 Patte 2011: 200; Pet 2011: 159; Patte 2008: 184. Generic: šiɾoko-ho {shirokoho}. Polysemy: 'meat / flesh'.
Anu :
Number: 54
Word: moon
Lokono :kači {kathi} 1 Patte 2011: 122; Pet 2011: 142; Patte 2008: 36, 161. Polysemy: 'moon / month'.
Anu :kˈei̯či {keichi} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 85; Jahn 1914: 276 ({kéi-tschare }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 237 ({kaykay, keykey }). Polysemy: 'moon / satellite / month / menstruation'.
Number: 55
Word: mountain
Lokono :hoɽoɽo-aːbo {horhorho âbo} 1 Patte 2011: 98. Literally 'earth-back'. Cf. also hoɽoɽo-ːkili {horhorhôkili} 'hills', hoɽoɽo-šiː {horhorhoshî} 'a mount of earth' (only Guyana, literally 'earth-head'). Derived from the word for 'earth'; according to Pet [2011: 135], it can be used in the meaning 'mountain' even without being a part of a compound (thus, with polysemy: 'ground / earth / world / hill / mountain / property').
Anu :ˈuːči {uuchi} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 102. Polysemy: 'hill / mountain'.
Number: 56
Word: mouth
Lokono :=ɽeɾoko {=lheroko} 1 Patte 2011: 188; Pet 2011: 148. Generic: ɽeɾoko-ho {lherokoho}. Polysemy: 'mouth (outer part) / throat / beak'. More basic than aima ~ eima {aima ~ eima} [Patte 2008: 181] 'anger / mouth / mouth of a river'. Distinct from tʸiːma ~ tʸima {tîma ~ tima} 'beard / moustache' [Patte 2011: 209; Patte 2008: 184].
Anu :ˈa=u̯na {auna} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 60; Jahn 1914: 274 ({tóu-naga }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 236 ({n-awnaga, na-o(w)naga; t-óunaga; uónaga }). Distinct from ˈe=i̯ma {eima} 'river / beard', ˈe=i̯mütü {eimütü} 'lips' [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 68; Jahn 1914: 274 ({téi-mata })].
Number: 56
Word: mouth
Lokono :
Anu :ˈo=ːɺapaɺa {oorapara} 3 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 93.
Number: 57
Word: name
Lokono :=iːɾi {=îri} 1 Patte 2011: 104; Pet 2011: 136; Patte 2008: 37, 120. Generic: iːɾi-hi {îrihi}.
Anu :ˈe=i̯ni {eini} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 69.
Number: 58
Word: neck
Lokono :=noɾo {noro} 1 Patte 2011: 173; Pet 2011: 137.
Anu :o=ŋki {onki} 3 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 93; Jahn 1914: 274 ({tógoin }).
Number: 58
Word: neck
Lokono :=yoɽe ~ =yoɾe {=yorhe ~ =yore} 2 Patte 2011: 238. Polysemy: 'throat / neck'.
Anu :
Number: 59
Word: new
Lokono :hemeliã-ŋ ~ emeliã-ŋ {hemelian ~ emelian} 1 Patte 2011: 80, 93; Pet 2011: 132, 134; Patte 2008: 65.
Anu :ˈiːɺoɺ-a {iirora} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 72; Jahn 1914: 280 ({hirórgho }).
Number: 59
Word: new
Lokono :
Anu :hakˈe-či {jakechi} 3 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 73. Feminine: hakˈe-tɨ {jaketü}, plural: hakˈe-naŋ {jakenan}.
Number: 60
Word: night
Lokono :uɽi-ka {orhika} 1 Patte 2011: 179; Pet 2011: 155; Patte 2008: 48, 183. Denotes the time period from 6 PM to 6 AM. Derived from uɽi {orhi} 'brown / dark / evening' [Patte 2011: 179]. Polysemy: 'night / darkness / cloud'.
Anu :ai̯ {ai} 3 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 44; Jahn 1914: 276 ({ayíp(e) }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 237 ({haipir, ayíp(e), ayíp }).
Number: 60
Word: night
Lokono :kasa=koda {kasakoda} 2 Patte 2011: 120; Pet 2011: 142; Patte 2008: 108. Denotes the time period from 9 PM to midnight. More specific than uɽika {olhika}, but cf. the example kasa=koda ɾõŋ bǝdǝkʰama to wiwabe {kasakoda ron budukhama to wiwabe} 'only at night can you see the stars'.
Anu :
Number: 61
Word: nose
Lokono :=šiɾi {=shiri} 1 Patte 2011: 119; Pet 2011: 159; Patte 2008: 172. Generic: šiɾi-hi {shirihi}. Polysemy: 'nose / snout / beak / prow'. The variant šĩɾo {shinro} is cited in [Pet 2011: 159].
Anu :ˈe=i̯či {eichi} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 68; Jahn 1914: 274 ({téi-yi }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 237 ({te-yčü, te-yčü̆, té-iyi, te-íči }). Polysemy: 'nose / beak / snout'.
Number: 62
Word: not
Lokono :kʰo ~ kʰoɾo {kho ~ khoro} 1 Patte 2011: 145; Pet 2011: 144; Patte 2008: 134, 135. Distinct from the privative prefix ma- {ma-} [Patte 2011: 153; Pet 2011: 41, 190].
Anu :=pe {=pe} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 163; Patte 1978. In subordinate clauses, n̩n ˈawa ...-i {nnawa ...-i} is used.
Number: 63
Word: one
Lokono :aba {aba} 1 Patte 2011: 37; Pet 2011: 49; Patte 2008: 132.
Anu :mˈaːne-i̯ {maanei} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 87; Jahn 1914: 279 ({mánei }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 238 ({maneydža, mánei, manéi }). Feminine: mˈaːna-ɨ̯ {maanaü}.
Number: 64
Word: person
Lokono :kakǝ-či / kakǝ-tʰo {kakuthi / kakutho} 1 Patte 2011: 111; Pet 2011: 14, 140; Patte 2008: 51. Literally 'the living one'. Derived from kakǝ̃-ŋ {kakun} 'to live'. Generally refers to non-Lokono people. Attested in a characteristic context in a story called 'how a dog changed into a person for a man'.
Anu :aɲˈu ~ aɲˈuŋ {añu ~ añun} 3 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 51; Patte 1978; Jahn 1914: 275 ({añú }). Polysemy: 'person / indigenous person / Añú person'.
Number: 64
Word: person
Lokono :loko {loko} 2 Patte 2011: 151; Pet 2011: 14, 149; Patte 2008: 48, 183. Polysemy: 'person / Indian / Lokono'. Refers to Lokono people and sometimes to other indigenous people.
Anu :
Number: 65
Word: rain
Lokono :uni {oni} 1 Patte 2011: 176; Pet 2011: 155; Patte 2008: 61. Polysemy: 'rain / rain water'. Distinct from kʰĩ-ŋ {khin}, which is a verb.
Anu :ˈuːya {uuya} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 102; Jahn 1914: 276 ({wí-agha }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 238 ({heyti-wiakey, wíagha }). Polysemy: 'rain / rain season / winter'.
Number: 66
Word: red
Lokono :koɽẽ-ŋ {korhen} 1 Patte 2011: 135; Pet 2011: 147; Patte 2008: 47. Ranges from red to orange. Polysemy: 'red / orange / ripe'.
Anu :hewˈo {jewo} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 76; Jahn 1914: 280 ({héba gar(h) }).
Number: 67
Word: road
Lokono :wabo-ɾoko {waboroko} 1 Patte 2011: 223; Pet 2011: 163; Patte 2008: 38. Generic. Polysemy: 'road / street / large path / permission'. Distinct from bǝɽǝ, tʰǝ=bǝɽǝ {burhu, thuburhu} 'narrow path' [Patte 2008: 52, 182], suɽi {sorhi} (generic suɽi-hi {sorhihi}) 'small hunting path' [Pet 2011: 160], bǝna {buna} (generic bǝna-ha {bunaha}) 'path, small road' [Patte 2011: 65; Pet 2011: 129; Patte 2008: 38].
Anu :wopˈu {wopu} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 107. Polysemy: 'road / trail / path'.
Number: 68
Word: root
Lokono :ǝ=kǝɾa / =kǝɾa {ukura / =kura} 1 Patte 2011: 219; Pet 2011: 165; Patte 2008: 172. Polysemy: 'root / muscle / water current'.
Anu :ˈa=u̯ɺula {aurula} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 60. Polysemy: 'tree / root'.
Number: 69
Word: round
Lokono :balalã-ŋ {balalan} 1 Patte 2011: 54; Pet 2011: 124.
Number: 70
Word: sand
Lokono :motʰoko {mothoko} 1 Patte 2011: 168; Pet 2011: 153. Distinct from kuɽisa {korhisa} 'quicksand' [Patte 2011: 137]; masaːɾi {masâri} 'a type of white sand' [Patte 2011: 162] (Guyana).
Anu :hasˈai̯ {jasai} -1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 75. Probably borrowed from Wayuunaiki.
Number: 70
Word: sand
Lokono :
Number: 71
Word: say
Lokono :dʸã-ŋ ~ a=dʸã-ŋ ~ ǝ=dʸã-ŋ {dian ~ adian ~ udian} 1 Patte 2011: 70, 218; Pet 2011: 132 (glossed as 'to talk / to speak'); Patte 2008: 72, 75, 186 (glossed as 'to say'). Even though the verb is glossed as 'to talk / to speak' in [Pet 2011: 132], there are also some examples where this very verb clearly refers to a single speech act ('to say' or 'to tell') [Pet 2011: 140, 141, 146, 176, 206, 208]. Apparently more generic than aːkã-ŋ {âkan} [Patte 2011: 42 (glossed as 'to tell / to speak'); Pet 2011: 122 (glossed as 'to say / to tell / to speak'); Patte 2008: 51, 72 (glossed as 'to tell')].
Anu :ˈo=ːkot-a {ookota} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 93. Polysemy: 'to say / to speak Añú'. Distinct from the citation verb m-a {ma} 'to say / to be so' [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 87], as well as from a=ɺˈiya-ː {ariyaa} 'to say' [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 55], which is only used with subordinate clauses.
Number: 72
Word: see
Lokono :dǝkʰǝ̃-ŋ {dukhun} 1 Patte 2011: 41, 75; Pet 2011: 131; Patte 2008: 52. Polysemy: 'to see / to look / to watch / to witness / to consider / to pay attention'. Dialectal variant: a=dǝkʰǝ̃-ŋ {adukhun} (Guyana).
Anu :ˈe=i̯ɺ-a {eira} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 70. Polysemy: 'to look / to see'.
Number: 72
Word: see
Lokono :
Anu :e=ɺ-ˈa {era} 3 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 71. Polysemy: 'to see / to witness'.
Number: 73
Word: seed
Lokono :iwi {iwi} 1 Patte 2011: 106; Pet 2011: 137. Polysemy: 'seed / fruit / grain'. Cf. also ǝ=šiː {ushî} 'head / kernel / seed / grain' [Patte 2011: 220].
Anu :ˈa=ɨ̯ {aü} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 61.
Number: 74
Word: sit
Lokono :bala-k-oã-ŋ {balakoan} 1 Patte 2011: 54. Distinct from balǝtǝ̃-ŋ {balutun} (French Guiana: baltǝ̃-ŋ {baltun} 'to sit down' [Patte 2011: 54; Pet 2011: 96, 124].
Anu :hakˈot-a {jakota} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 73. hawˈat-a {jawata} is incorrectly glossed as 'to sit' in [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 23, 24]; its true meaning is 'to stand / to be heavy' [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 76]. Cf. {čagwatüpĭă, čogote-pía } 'sit down!' [Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 236].
Number: 75
Word: skin
Lokono :ǝ=da / =da {uda / =da} 1 Patte 2011: 218; Pet 2011: 165; Patte 2008: 172. Generic: ǝda-ha {udaha}. Polysemy: 'skin / hide / bark'.
Anu :a=tɨnɨ {atünü} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 59. Polysemy: 'skin / hide / bark'.
Number: 76
Word: sleep
Lokono :dõŋkõ-ŋ {donkon} 1 Patte 2011: 41, 74; Pet 2011: 131; Patte 2008: 72. Dialectal variant: a=dõŋkõ-ŋ {adonkon} (Guyana).
Anu :a=tˈɨm-a {atüma} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 59; Jahn 1914: 281 ({atá-mité }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 236 ({ná-tamí }).
Number: 77
Word: small
Lokono :šokõ-ŋ {shokon} 1 Patte 2011: 200; Pet 2011: 159; Patte 2008: 47, 82. More basic than basabã-ŋ {basaban}, glossed as 'small / young / inexperienced' in [Patte 2011: 57] and as 'narrow / small' in [Pet 2011: 125].
Anu :čoŋ {chon} 3 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 66. Cf. čˈon-pɨ {сhonpü} 'short (of height)', čˈoː-wa {сhoowa} 'short (of length)'. Cf. {héddiga } [Jahn 1914: 280].
Number: 77
Word: small
Lokono :ibĩ-ŋ {ibin} 2 Patte 2011: 100; Pet 2011: 135; Patte 2008: 135, 194 (hibĩ-ŋ {hibin}). Cf. ibi-li {ibili} 'child' [Patte 2011: 100; Pet 2011: 135; Patte 2008: 182].
Anu :
Number: 78
Word: smoke
Lokono :koɽe-li {korheli} 1 Patte 2011: 136; Pet 2011: 147. Possessed: =koɽeli-ya {=korheliya}. Polysemy: 'smoke / steam / dust in the air'. Dialectal variant: koɾe-ːhe-li {korêheli} (Guyana).
Anu :mɨkˈaɨ̯ɲa {mükaüña} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 91. Cf. {kama_ya } [Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 237]; the true meaning of this word is 'hot'.
Number: 79
Word: stand
Lokono :dʸimanǝ̃-ŋ ~ dʸinamǝ̃-ŋ ~ dʸinabǝ̃-ŋ {dimanyn ~ dinamyn ~ dinabyn} 1 Patte 2011: 72; Pet 2011: 130. Apparently can mean both 'to stand up' and 'to stand'. Distinct from tʰokodõ-ŋ {thokodon} 'to descend / to sink / to land / to disembark' [Patte 2011: 215; Pet 2011: 162], glossed as 'to stand up' in [Patte 2008: 147].
Anu :hawˈat-a {jawata} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 76. Polysemy: 'to stand / to be heavy' (the latter meaning is probably borrowed from Wayuunaiki). Incorrectly glossed as 'to sit' in [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 23, 24]. Distinct from the active verb a=tˈoɨ̯nta-ː {atoüntaa} 'to stand up' [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 59].
Number: 80
Word: star
Lokono :wiwa ~ iwa {wiwa ~ iwa} 1 Patte 2011: 106, 230; Pet 2011: 137, 165; Patte 2008: 161. Polysemy: 'star / year'.
Anu :kˈei̯če {keiche} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 85. Cf. {hád-dughe } [Jahn 1914: 276].
Number: 80
Word: star
Lokono :
Anu :lusˈeːɺa {luseera} -1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 87. Probably borrowed from Spanish lusˈeɾo {lucero} 'luminary'. Polysemy: 'star / luminary'.
Number: 81
Word: stone
Lokono :šiba {shiba} 1 Patte 2011: 196; Pet 2011: 158; Patte 2008: 38. Possessed: =šibã-ŋ {=shiban}.
Anu :hɨpˈa {jüpa} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 78; Jahn 1914: 276 ({bág-gah }).
Number: 81
Word: stone
Lokono :kǝdǝ-ɾo {kuduro} 2 Patte 2011: 139; Pet 2011: 148; Patte 2008: 47. Possessed: =kǝdǝ-ɾõ-ŋ {=kuduron}. Literally 'the heavy one (F)'.
Anu :
Number: 82
Word: sun
Lokono :hada-li ~ ada-li {hadali ~ adali} 1 Patte 2011: 40, 86; Pet 2011: 121; Patte 2008: 47.
Anu :kai̯ {kai} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 80; Patte 1978; Jahn 1914: 276 ({kái-kái }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 238 ({kaykayi, kéi-kéi, kái-kái, kei-kei }). Polysemy: 'day / sun'.
Number: 83
Word: swim
Lokono :tʸimǝ̃-ŋ ~ tʸimĩ-ŋ {timun ~ timin} 1 Patte 2011: 209 (tʸimǝ̃-ŋ {timun}); Pet 2011: 162 (tʸimĩ-ŋ {timin}); Patte 2008: 74 (tʸimǝ̃-ŋ {timun}).
Anu :k=atˈɨna {katüna} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 83. Polysemy: 'to have wings / to have arms / to swim'.
Number: 84
Word: tail
Lokono :=ihi-toko ~ =iː-toko ~ =ihi-doyo ~ =iː-doyo {=ihitoko ~ =îtoko ~ =ihidoyo ~ =îdoyo} 1 Patte 2011: 102; Pet 2011: 137. The forms with -toko {-toko} denote short tails, the forms with -doyo {-doyo} denote long tails. Outside French Guiana the underived stem is found: ihi {ihi} (Guyana), iː {î} (Suriname).
Anu :a=yˈuŋkiya {ayunkiya} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 65. Distinct from ˈa=ɨ̯ {aü} 'fish tail' [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 61].
Number: 85
Word: that
Lokono :li=ɾa / to=ɾa / na=ɾa {lira / tora / nara} 1 Patte 2011: 150, 171, 210; Pet 2011: 15; Patte 2008: 45. Zone 2. Emphatic: li=ɾa-ha / to=ɾa-ha / na=ɾa-ha {liraha / toraha / naraha}.
Anu :ši=ɺˈɨ / tɨ=ɺˈɨ / na=ɺˈɨ {shirü / türü / narü} 4 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 92, 100, 102, 145. Zone 2.
Number: 85
Word: that
Lokono :li=kita / to=kota ~ tǝ=kǝta / na=kǝta {likita / tokota ~ tukuta / nakuta} 2 Patte 2011: 150, 171, 210; Patte 2008: 45. Zone 3. Emphatic: li=kita-ha / tǝ=kǝta-ha / na=kǝta-ha {likitaha / tukutaha / nakutaha}.
Anu :ši=yˈa / tɨ=yˈa / na=yˈa {shiya / tüya / naya} 5 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 92, 100, 102, 145. Zone 3.
Number: 85
Word: that
Lokono :li=ɾabo / tǝ=ɾabo / na=ɾabo {lirabo / turabo / narabo} 3 Patte 2011: 150, 171, 254; Pet 2011: 15. Zone 3.
Anu :ši=ɺˈa / tɨ=ɺˈa / na=ɺˈa {shira / türa / nara} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 91, 100, 102, 145. Zone 4.
Number: 86
Word: this
Lokono :li {li} 1 Patte 2011: 150; Pet 2011: 15; Patte 2008: 44, 45. Masculine. Emphatic: li-hi {lihi}.
Anu :ši {shi} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 100; Patte 1978. Masculine.
Number: 86
Word: this
Lokono :to {to} 2 Patte 2011: 209; Pet 2011: 15; Patte 2008: 44, 45. Feminine. Emphatic: to-ho {toho}.
Anu :tɨ {tü} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 102. Feminine.
Number: 86
Word: this
Lokono :na {na} 3 Patte 2011: 171; Pet 2011: 15; Patte 2008: 44, 45. Plural. Emphatic: na-ha {naha}.
Anu :na-nˈa {nana} 3 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 91. Plural.
Number: 87
Word: thou
Lokono :bǝ-i ~ bi-ː {bui ~ bî} 1 Patte 2011: 29; Pet 2011: 12; Patte 2008: 45. Free form. Prefix: bǝ- {bu-}, enclitic: bo {bo}.
Anu :pi-yˈa {piya} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 22; Patte 1978 (pˈia {pía}); Jahn 1914: 279 ({pí, píe }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 236 ({piá, pía }). Prefix: tɨ- {tü-} (and allomorphs per harmony) [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 20].
Number: 88
Word: tongue
Lokono :ǝ=yeː / =yeː {uyê / =yê} 1 Patte 2011: 221; Pet 2011: 165; Patte 2008: 172. Generic: ǝ=yeː-hǝ {uyêhu}.
Anu :a=wˈeɲa {aweña} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 63; Patte 1981; Jahn 1914: 274 ({te-bénye }).
Number: 89
Word: tooth
Lokono :=aɾi {=ari} 1 Patte 2011: 47; Pet 2011: 123; Patte 2008: 172. Generic: aɾi-hi {arihi}.
Anu :a=i̯ {ai} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 44; Jahn 1914: 274 ({tái }).
Number: 90
Word: tree
Lokono :ada {ada} 1 Patte 2011: 40; Pet 2011: 121; Patte 2008: 38. Possessed: =adã-ŋ {=adan}.
Anu :kˈunu ~ kˈunuŋ {kunu ~ kunun} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 86. Polysemy: 'tree / wood / stick / trunk'. Cf. {híkigȧh, hinghí } [Jahn 1914: 276] (possibly actually 'firewood / fire').
Number: 90
Word: tree
Lokono :
Anu :ˈa=u̯ɺula {aurula} 3 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 60. Polysemy: 'tree / root'.
Number: 91
Word: two
Lokono :biama {biama} 1 Patte 2011: 59; Pet 2011: 49; Patte 2008: 132, 172. Dialectal variant: biãŋ {bian} (Suriname).
Anu :pˈiːmi {piimi} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 97; Jahn 1914: 279 ({pími }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 238 ({pi_mi, pímu, pími, piam }). The form piyˈomu {piyomu} is used in independent counting.
Number: 92
Word: walk (go)
Lokono :oːsǝ̃-ŋ {ôsun} 1 Patte 2011: 179; Pet 2011: 156; Patte 2008: 72. Distinct from kon-ã-ŋ {konan} 'to walk' [Pet 2011: 147; Patte 2008: 146].
Anu :ˈa=u̯na ~ ˈo=u̯na {auna ~ ouna} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 23, 60; Patte 1978; Jahn 1914: 281 ({ouna-teité }).
Number: 93
Word: warm (hot)
Lokono :tʰeɾẽ-ŋ {theren} 1 Patte 2011: 214; Pet 2011: 161; Patte 2008: 62, 67, 88. More specifically, 'hot'. Distinct from koɽaːbo {korhâbo} 'heated by a source other than fire'.
Anu :hay-ˈa {jaya} 3 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 76.
Number: 93
Word: warm (hot)
Lokono :weɾebẽ-ŋ {wereben} 2 Patte 2011: 229; Pet 2011: 165; Patte 2008: 88. More specifically, 'warm'.
Anu :kamˈai̯ɺ-a {kamaira} 4 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 81.
Number: 94
Word: water
Lokono :uni-abo ~ ini-abo {oniabo ~ iniabo} 1 Patte 2011: 104, 177; Pet 2011: 155; Patte 2008: 182, 183. Possessed: oni-a / =ni-a {onia / =nia}.
Anu :wiːŋ {wiin} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 106; Patte 1978; Jahn 1914: 275 ({wín }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 237 ({wi, wín, uín }).
Number: 95
Word: we
Lokono :wei ~ we {wei ~ we} 1 Patte 2011: 29; Pet 2011: 12; Patte 2008: 45. Free form. Prefix: wa- {wa-}, enclitic: we {we}, suffix: =u {=o} (only Suriname). Apparently we {we} occurs as the free form only in Suriname; in French Guiana, wei {wei} is preferred.
Anu :we {we} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 22; Patte 1978; Jahn 1914: 274 ({wé }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 236 ({we, ue }). Prefix: wa- {wa-} (and allomorphs per harmony) [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 20].
Number: 96
Word: what
Lokono :hamaː ~ ama {hamâ ~ ama} 1 Patte 2011: 88; Pet 2011: 48 (ama {ama}); Patte 2011: 88; Patte 2008: 140. The variants (h)amaha, hamahǝ {(h)amaha, hamahu} are also attested.
Anu :kˈeːt-a {keeta} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 84; Patte 1978.
Number: 97
Word: white
Lokono :haɽiɾã-ŋ {harhiran} 1 Patte 2011: 90; Pet 2011: 134; Patte 2008: 52. Dialectal variant: haɾiɾã-ŋ {hariran} (Guyana).
Anu :kasˈuː {kasuu} -1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 83. Probably borrowed from Wayuunaiki. Cf. the Spanish borrowing {blank } [Jahn 1974: 280] (< Spanish blˈaŋk-o {blanco}).
Number: 98
Word: who
Lokono :hali-kã-ŋ / hali-ka-i / hali-ka-ye ~ ali-kã-ŋ / ali-ka-i / ali-ka-ye {halikan / halikai / halikaye ~ alikan / alikai / alikaye} 1 Patte 2011: 88; Pet 2011: 48 (ali-kã-ŋ {alikan}); Patte 2008: 139 (hali-kã-ŋ / hali-ka-i / hali-ka-ye {halikan / halikai / halikaye}). Inflects for gender/number, according to Patte. In [Pet 2011] only the masculine form is attested; existence of the forms ali-ka-i / ali-ka-ye {alikai / alikaye} is not confirmed.
Anu :haɺ-ˈa {jara} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 75.
Number: 99
Word: woman
Lokono :hiya-ɾo {hiyaro} 1 Patte 2011: 96; Pet 2011: 14, 134; Patte 2008: 42.
Anu :ɲˈeːɺɨ {ñeerü} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 92; Patte 1978 (ɲeɺɨ {ñeerü}); Jahn 1914: 275 ({hʼniére }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 237 ({nieRa, nieyRa, nierga, niergakü, xʼniére, ni-iri, niri }).
Number: 100
Word: yellow
Lokono :hehẽ-ŋ {hehen} 1 Patte 2011: 92; Pet 2011: 134. Polysemy: 'yellow / pale'.
Anu :amaɺˈiːya {amariiya} -1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 47; Jahn 1914: 280 ({amaríya }). A Spanish borrowing (< amaɾˈiy-o {amarillo}).
Number: 100
Word: yellow
Lokono :sobolẽ-ŋ {sobolen} 2 Patte 2011: 201; Patte 2008: 47. Ranges from green to yellow.
Anu :
Number: 101
Word: far
Lokono :tahã-ŋ ~ taː {tahan ~ tâ} 1 Patte 2011: 205; Pet 2011: 160; Patte 2008: 115, 146. More basic than waikili {waikili} 'far in space or time' [Patte 2011: 224].
Anu :wˈatta {watta} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 105; Patte 1978.
Number: 102
Word: heavy
Lokono :kǝdǝ̃-ŋ {kudun} 1 Patte 2011: 139; Pet 2011: 148; Patte 2008: 47. Polysemy: 'heavy / lazy / inert / difficult / decent'.
Anu :hawˈat-a {jawata} -1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 76. Probably borrowed from Wayuunaiki. Polysemy: 'to stand / to be heavy'. Incorrectly glossed as 'to sit' in [Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 23, 24].
Number: 103
Word: near
Lokono :hǝmǝnĩ-ŋ {humunin} 1 Patte 2011: 98. Dialectal variants: homǝnĩ-ŋ, homǝ̃ŋ {homunin, homun}. Distinct from the postpositions kosã-ŋ {kosan}, biči {bithi}, kiɾadʸi {kiradi}, amǝ̃-ŋ {amun} [Patte 2011: 44, 61, 126, 137; Pet 2011: 123, 126, 144, 147; Patte 2008: 115].
Anu :wˈatta-pe {wattape} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 106. A negation of wˈatta {watta} 'far'.
Number: 104
Word: salt
Lokono :pamo {pamo} -1 Patte 2011: 182; Pet 2011: 156; Patte 2008: 39. Possessed: pamo-ya {pamoya}. Borrowed from a Karíb language (cf. Yukpa pamo , Makuxí, Pemón and Taurepáng pãŋ ).
Anu :šüː {shüü} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 100; Patte 1978; Jahn 1914: 276 ({tschü }).
Number: 104
Word: salt
Lokono :kʰaba {khaba} 2 Patte 2011: 142; Pet 2011: 143; Patte 2008: 67. Possessed: =kʰabã-ŋ {=khaban}. Polysemy: 'salty / salt'. Also occurs with the feminine marker: kʰaba-ɾo {khabaro} 'salt / salted fish'.
Anu :
Number: 105
Word: short
Lokono :ma=wadʸĩ-ŋ {mawadin} 1 Patte 2011: 163; Pet 2011: 151; Patte 2008: 36. Morphologically complex (a negation of 'long'). Distinct from besekʰẽ-ŋ {besekhen} 'short (of people)' [Patte 2011: 58].
Anu :čˈoː-wa {сhoowa} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 66. Derived from čoŋ {chon} 'small'. Cf. čˈon-pɨ {сhonpü} 'short (of height)'.
Number: 106
Word: snake
Lokono :uɾi {ori} 1 Patte 2011: 177; Pet 2011: 156; Patte 2008: 60, 111. Cf. morphologically complex synonyms ma=dǝna-ɾo {madunaro} [Patte 2011: 154] ('the armless one'), ma=yoɽe-ɾo {mayorhero} [Patte 2011: 177, 234] ('the neckless one').
Anu :wɨi̯ {wüi} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 107.
Number: 106
Word: snake
Lokono :
Anu :yeŋ {yen} 2 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 108; Jahn 1914: 278.
Number: 107
Word: thin
Lokono :uɽidã-ŋ {orhidan} 1 Patte 2011: 179; Pet 2011: 155.
Number: 108
Word: wind
Lokono :awaduli {awadoli} 1 Patte 2011: 50; Pet 2011: 133; Patte 2008: 36. Polysemy: 'wind / air'.
Anu :hˈou̯ktei̯ ~ hˈou̯tei̯ {jouktei ~ joutei} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 78; Jahn 1914: 276 ({oúg-dei }); Wavrin & Rivet 1952: 238 ({ho_wdega, oúg dei }).
Number: 109
Word: worm
Lokono :ǝ=se / =se {use / =se} 1 Patte 2011: 194; Patte 2008: 135. Generic: ǝ=se-hǝ {usehu}. May be further modified with the root for 'earth': hoɽoɽo=se {horhorhose}.
Anu :hokˈoma {jokoma} -1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 77. Polysemy: 'worm / earthworm / larva / caterpillar'. Probably borrowed from Wayuunaiki.
Number: 110
Word: year
Lokono :iwa ~ hiwa ~ wiwa {iwa ~ hiwa ~ wiwa} 1 Patte 2011: 95, 106, 230; Pet 2011: 135, 137; Patte 2008: 48, 161. Polysemy: 'star / year'.
Anu :ˈiːma {iima} 1 Álvarez & Bravo 2008: 72; Patte 1978. Polysemy: 'the Pleiades / year'.
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